Acoustic Neuroma

An acoustic neuroma is a benign tumour that grows on the “hearing and balance” nerve that travels from the ear to the brain.  Usually these tumours are slow growing, but eventually can cause problems with the sense of balance and the ability to hear from the affected side.  1 in 100000 people will develop an acoustic neuroma.

Schwann cells are responsible for the mass of tissue growing on the nerve, and as this growth occurs, symptoms of hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in the ear) can develop on the side of the tumour, along with dizziness, vertigo and a sense of unsteadiness.  In rare cases, the neuroma will grow large enough that it will interfere with the muscles and sensations of the face or the important functions of the brainstem.  It is also possible that an acoustic neuroma will grow on both sides.

If an acoustic neuroma is suspected, it is then the role of the CT or MRI scan to identify the presence and features of a tumour. A tumour will typically require removal via microsurgery, because if the tumour continues to grow larger over time, it will become a risk to the function of the brain.

Vestibular rehabilitation is required after the removal of the tumour, to help the brain compensate for the change in function. It is also possible for vestibular rehabilitation to be of use in the early stage of a neuroma, to improve quality of life and minimize the negative effects on balance and dizziness.